Pakistan, a nation already grappling with significant structural imbalances, is now facing a looming climate crisis. The country’s vulnerability to extreme weather events, exacerbated by global warming, poses a severe threat to its economic future. From devastating floods and prolonged droughts to intense heatwaves and food insecurity, the impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly severe.
The IMF’s recent advice to allocate at least 1% of GDP annually to climate-resilient infrastructure underscores the urgent need for action. The country’s rising water shortages, desertification, glacial melt, and erratic monsoon patterns are clear indicators of the changing climate. Adapting to these challenges is crucial for sustaining economic growth and reversing inequalities.
Pakistan’s vulnerability to climate change is exacerbated by its geographical location. As one of the top 10 countries most affected by climate change, the country is experiencing a higher rate of warming than the global average. The IMF’s policy note highlights the need for proactive investment in climate-adaptive infrastructure to mitigate the negative impacts of natural disasters and ensure a quicker economic recovery.
However, the reality is that Pakistan’s limited resources and frequent economic crises have hindered its ability to invest in climate resilience. The world’s response to Pakistan’s climate-related challenges has also been inadequate. Despite commitments made to support the country’s recovery from the 2022 floods, only a fraction of the promised aid has materialized.
While external factors have contributed to Pakistan’s shortcomings in climate investment, domestic policy failures have also played a significant role. The country’s energy policy, for example, continues to prioritize fossil fuels like coal, ignoring the long-term environmental and health costs.
To address the climate crisis effectively, Pakistan must not only increase its investments but also implement a comprehensive development policy that prioritizes climate resilience and sustainability. By transitioning to cleaner energy sources, promoting sustainable agriculture, and investing in climate-adaptive infrastructure, Pakistan can mitigate the impacts of climate change and build a more resilient future for its people.